The presentation of women within dystopian texts.
This essay was written in my first year of college; It looks at the portrayal of women within two typical distopian texts.
The novels used are:
Anthony Burgess - "A Clockwork Orange"Khaled Hosseini “A Thousand Splendid Suns”
Enjoy.
The novels used are:
Anthony Burgess - "A Clockwork Orange"Khaled Hosseini “A Thousand Splendid Suns”
Enjoy.
“A Clockwork Orange” is a dystopian novel written by Anthony Burgees and narrated by fifteen year old Alex, engaging the reader with his tale of his gang’s rampage through this dystopian tale. Alex’s conversational style draws the reader in, and you as the reader are forced to bring about your own notions of morality on the text. In comparison the novel “A Thousand Splendid Suns” written by Khaled Hosseini is told in third person omniscient. It is told from the perspective of the two main protagonists Mariam and Laila who present the reader with the reality of their harsh and appalling lives with antagonist Rasheed.
“A Clockwork” Is made up of three parts, consisting of 21 chapters, each part shows Alex’s life as he grows up and how his attitudes towards women changes. In contrast “A Thousand..” is divided into four parts, each told in the past tense from either the view point of Mariam or Laila, apart from the last which instead its told in the present tense from Laila’s point of view. This forces the reader to empathize with the women in the novel.
Burgess presents women in “A Clockwork Orange” as objects. The presentation of women is shown through Alex, as the women are rarely given voices of their own. The use of “Nasdat” language which is a mixture of Russian, English and cockney rhyming slang degrades the women as individuals. Alex refers to them as “Devotchkas” - young women “Baboochkas” – Old women and “Pititsas” – silly women, never naming them as people further degrading them by not respecting them as women, thus provoking the readers judgment.
“The malchicks they had spatted before they were fourteen[1]” page four presents the young women who are incidentally giving Alex the eye, it is clear they are portraying themselves to Alex as promiscuous, sexual objects and they are there to be taken. The reader feels no sympathy towards them thus earning them no respect, as they show none for themselves. In contrast the women in “A thousand…” are degraded through the use of words such as “harami” meaning bastard, yet unlike “A Clockwork...” they play more of a role within the novel as Mariam and Laila are the centre point through the entire novel, everything focuses on them,. The use of Standard English, Farsi and Arabic phrases creates realism and acts as an insight into the lives of Afghan women living in Kabul.
Within both novels women experience abuse and victimization. “A thousand..” shows the terror for Mariam and Laila living under the rules of Antagonists Rasheed, the Mujahedeen and the Taliban who are abusing women and destroying their country “these are the laws that we will enforce and you will obey”. [2]The women not only fear Rasheed but also there government who are supposed to protect the people.” You will not under any circumstances, show your face...”, [3] they are forced to wear a Burqa in public as it was against Taliban law for another man to see a women’s face. Furthermore the Taliban corrupted Sharia law; these were Islamic laws which were originally followed in Afghanistan by Muslims. The doctrine that advocates equal rights for women is something that is still unforeseen in Afghanistan today and is shown vigorously on pages 270-271 within the novel and thus leading the reader to feel sympathetic to the women who were ridiculed just for existing. In comparison the women in “A Clockwork...” are subjected to cruel and brutal attacks by both Alex and his droogs. “they looked like they had been in some big bitva as indeed they had, and were all bruised and pouty”[4] in raping the two young ten year old girls, this is both shocking and illegal Alex illustrates his lack of concern for the girls or the law that should be preventing the raping of under age girls, Alex is breaking the law. It’s clear he believes he can get away with anything he likes, he sees the girls as objects, there to be used, like nothing more than personal prizes.
Hosseini portrays women as the property of men, they do as they’re told and it’s clear that the men decide the fates of the women in “A thousand…” Women suffered not only from the control of the Taliban and the war that came apparent due to Taliban’s control but also suffered from the gender based abuse they received from the men that were supposed to be protecting them. This is shown with Mariam forced into a marriage with Rasheed at the age of fifteen; by her weak father “I don’t want to … I don’t want this. Don’t make me[5]”. It’s immediately obvious that Jalil is ineffectual and hypocritical, he can not stand up for what is believes is right and so she is sent to marry Rasheed. As a consequence of Jalil’s weakness Mariam is subjected to a life of abuse, torture and violence. This goes against the feminist approach to the novel. Women do not deserve to be treated as slaves of men. They should have equal rights something Hosseini implies throughout. This approach towards feminism also contrasts the reality of the lives of afghan women living under the Taliban’s reign. In comparison the women in “A Clockwork...” are also portrayed as the property of men, they have no choice into how Alex treats them “and lying there with her groodies on show I wondered should I or not?”[6] Further showing Alex has no appreciation for them. He sees it as his choice where or not he can violate mother slouse, the owner of the shop Alex and his droogs thieve from. They rob her to satisfy their boredom and just because they can.
Burgess presentation of women in part one of “A Clockwork…” shows Alex’s authority over women as well as his disrespect for them. “Its gone eight son, you don’t want to be late again... So I called back a bit of a pain in my Gulliver. Leave us be and I’ll try to sleep it off and then I’ll be right as dodgers for this after”[7] her general attitude to Alex is one of absence. It becomes apparent she is scared of him and his behaviour and therefore doesn’t want to anger him. It is as if she is so worn down by him, she feels she can’t change him for the better, and it’s obvious she doesn’t know how to approach him. Her sense of helplessness makes the reader feel sorry for her because she has lost the will to control him anymore, thus assists to form out own opinion on Alex’s attitude. In contrast “A Thousand…” shows Nana warning Mariam of her future life with men “learn this now and learn this well my daughter like a compass needle that point’s north a mans accusing finger always finds a women, always”[8] as well as a warning to Mariam this could also be a metaphor for Mariam’s future life, the fact that its not something she can avoid; almost like her life has already been seen and planned out.FurthermoreNanas resentment towards men is one that doesn’t go unnoticed by Mariam. It appears Nana symbolizes that there is no hope for women, she kills herself having being let down by her daughter. Almost like hope has been crushed for both herself and Mariam’s future. Despite this, this can be contradicted as Mariam shows that even though the men treat women as belongings, they can still show inner strength of character and refuse to accept the treatment they receive.
Within “A Clockwork Orange” the exploitation of women is not only carried out by Alex and his droogs but also Billy boy and his gang. Told from the view point of Alex, its clear he doesn’t feel sorry for what is happening to the young girl, he just sees it as an excuse to fight with billyboy “they’d probably just been doing the dirty slovo part of the act before getting down to a malenky bit of ultra-violence” [9]he shows no sign of wanting to help the girl, furthermore adding to Alex’s lack of compassion. “The dirty slovo” makes out that this is just standard procedure, nothing out of the ordinary for a group of boys carrying out “ultra violence” - gang rape on young women. Burgess continues his presentation of women, through Billyboy attack on the girl as something that just happens. “When they viddied us a-coming they let go of this boo-hooing little Ptitsa there being plenty more when she came from” [10]Alex’s ‘oh well’ attitude conveys his lack of concern for the young girl who is now running in fear of her life. Raping women by carrying out “the old ultra violence” or “in out” seems to be part of everyday life for the male characters within Burgess’ novel.
In relationship to this attitude toward women, forced sexual acuity is also something Mariam is subjected to during her early married life with Rasheed. Hosseini present the subject contrastingly and yet the similarity with the way Burgees presents it in “A Clockwork…” is apparent. Hosseini presents it as something that is existent to everyday women when married in Afghanistan. “There is no shame in this Mariam… it’s what married people do. It’s what the prophet himself and his wife’s did. There is no shame”[11] Rasheed tries to justify his actions with that of religion, something that is not seen in “A Clockwork…” Alex never tries to justify his attacks on women instead he gloats about them. Yet the similarity with both novels is that neither characters Alex or Rasheed feels remorse for raping and assaulting women.
Degrading women is something seen throughout “A Thousand…” not only by men but also by Nana, Mariam’s mother. Her bitterness towards Jahil’s is taken out on Mariam, and something she lives with for the rest of her life after Nana’s suicide. “You are a clumsy little harami; this is my reward for everything I’ve endured. An heirloom-breaking, clumsy little harami” [12]Mariam is subjected to verbal abuse for almost the whole of her life no matter what she does and its something she has no control over. After the miscarriage of her first child, Rasheed starts to take out his anger on Mariam; after she is told she will never be able to have children Rasheed uses her as a punch bag. His desperation for a son is seen numerous times throughout the novel after the arrival of young Laila and the birth of his daughter Aziza; his attitudes toward women seem to get worse. Hosseini plays on this by creating a character that has no respect for his wives; he sees them nothing more than bares for his children. Women are constantly degraded through “A Thousand…” Mariam is never given the right to a proper education something every child should have the right too, her only education comes from the Koran, this gives Mariam some hope and faith, and as with Laila she lost her right to be educated after marrying Rasheed. They become nothing more than Rasheed’s belongings. Yet despite this both girls draw faith from the words written within the Koran, showing Hosseini attitude towards Islam, that he believes there is nothing wrong with the religious views upheld in the Koran instead it is the corruption of the Sharia law that is causing the women’s misery.
The theme of revenge is seen in both “A Clockwork…” and “A Thousand…”
After Alex’s arrest he unwittingly agrees to take part in the "the Ludovico technique" a regime that promises to release the prisoner after the completion of the two week program. Alex’s subjection to watching graphically violent films and forced nausea with the “vitamins” that promises to make him better. “All she did was to slam the needle into my left arm, and then swishhh in went the victim stuff” [13]this attitude from the women who work for the system, they follow it blindly. These are the ‘other’ sort of women in the novel. Alex is being lied too, it’s is almost like the women are getting their revenge on Alex as he is now subjected to “torture”. His love for Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is taken away from him and replaced with nausea and distress when it’s played. After his release from prison Alex returns back home to his parents where he is meets “Joe” his parent’s lodger. “Back to make there life a misery for them once more is that it? Over my dead corpse you will, because they’ve let me be more like a son to them than like a lodger”[14]. Exiled from his parents and with all his droogs gone, he is left powerless when his old victims seek revenge. Burgess presents Alex’s helplessness as something he deserves.
In comparison revenge is seen in “A Thousand…” when Mariam and Laila take a stand against Rasheed and his vile treatment towards them. “Mariam raised the shovel high raised it as high as she could arching it so it touched the small of her back….. It occurred to her that this was the first time that she was deciding the course of her own life.” [15] Mariam kills Rasheed with no regret, her years of abuse and violent attacks brings forth her anger and hatred towards him. His death provides some hope for women towards the end; in contrast hope is also something also seen in “A Clockwork…” at the end of part three.. Alex’s opinion looks as if its set to change, he starts to resent his life of violence and after running into Pete, Alex contemplates starting a family, and ending his life of violence and crime. “There was this vesch of finding some devotchka or other who would be a mother to this son”[16] Burgess shows Alex’s opinions change slightly hopefully for the better. Alex’s language change towards the end gives the impression he wants to be civilized “mother to this son” and therefore maybe there is some hope for the women in Alex’s world and Alex himself.
Hope is something followed through in the final chapter of “A Thousand…” Laila’s life looks more promising than it has done for years, she has finally found a man that loves her and both her children, now pregnant with her thirds child, yet her hope doesn’t come without a price. Mariam sacrifices her life for Laila freedom, and is intensely courageous right up till her end, and even her executioner shows his sympathy towards her “something tells me you are not a wicked women hamshira. But you have done a wicked thing. And you must pay for this thing you have done. Shari’a is not vague on this matter. It says I must send you where I will soon join you myself” [17], he calls her “hamshira” – sister, she is like a saint, a martyr. Laila knows this “But the game involves only male names. Because, if it’s a girl, Laila has already named her” [18]her decision to name her baby “Mariam” if it’s a girl shows that Laila is grateful for her sacrifice.
In conclusion “A Thousand Splendid Suns” and “A Clockwork Orange” shows the harsh reality of how women were treated in both Afghanistan and Alex’s dystopian world, and how the events, actions and opinions shape and form two novels that both make you cry and feel physically revolted. Burgess and Hosseini present women similarly and yet the difference between the characters strength is thorough throughout.
Footnotes:
[1] A Clockwork Orange – Anthony Burgess Part one Page 4
[2] A Thousand Splendid Suns – Khaled Hosseini Chapter 34 Page 270
[3] A Thousand Splendid Suns – Khaled Hosseini Chapter 34 Page 271
[4] A Clockwork Orange – Anthony Burgess Part one Page 36
[5] A Thousand Splendid Suns – Khaled Hosseini Chapter six Page 47
[6] A Clockwork Orange – Anthony Burgees Part one Page 10
[7] A Clockwork Orange – Anthony Burgees Part one Page 28
[8] A Thousand Splendid Suns – Khaled Hosseini Chapter one Page 7
[9] A Clockwork Orange – Anthony Burgees Part one Page 14
[10] A Clockwork Orange – Anthony Burgees Part one Page 14
[11] A Thousand Splendid Suns – Khaled Hosseini Chapter eleven Page 76
[12] A Thousand Splendid Suns – Khaled Hosseini Chapter one Page 4
[13] A Clockwork Orange – Anthony Burgees Part two Page 74
[14] A Clockwork Orange – Anthony Burgees Part three Page 100
[15] A Thousand Splendid Suns – Khaled Hosseini Chapter forty-five Page 341
[16] A Clockwork Orange – Anthony Burgees Part three Page 141
[17] A Thousand Splendid Suns – Khaled Hosseini Chapter forty-seven Page 357
[18] A Thousand Splendid Suns – Khaled Hosseini Chapter fifty-one Page 402
“A Clockwork” Is made up of three parts, consisting of 21 chapters, each part shows Alex’s life as he grows up and how his attitudes towards women changes. In contrast “A Thousand..” is divided into four parts, each told in the past tense from either the view point of Mariam or Laila, apart from the last which instead its told in the present tense from Laila’s point of view. This forces the reader to empathize with the women in the novel.
Burgess presents women in “A Clockwork Orange” as objects. The presentation of women is shown through Alex, as the women are rarely given voices of their own. The use of “Nasdat” language which is a mixture of Russian, English and cockney rhyming slang degrades the women as individuals. Alex refers to them as “Devotchkas” - young women “Baboochkas” – Old women and “Pititsas” – silly women, never naming them as people further degrading them by not respecting them as women, thus provoking the readers judgment.
“The malchicks they had spatted before they were fourteen[1]” page four presents the young women who are incidentally giving Alex the eye, it is clear they are portraying themselves to Alex as promiscuous, sexual objects and they are there to be taken. The reader feels no sympathy towards them thus earning them no respect, as they show none for themselves. In contrast the women in “A thousand…” are degraded through the use of words such as “harami” meaning bastard, yet unlike “A Clockwork...” they play more of a role within the novel as Mariam and Laila are the centre point through the entire novel, everything focuses on them,. The use of Standard English, Farsi and Arabic phrases creates realism and acts as an insight into the lives of Afghan women living in Kabul.
Within both novels women experience abuse and victimization. “A thousand..” shows the terror for Mariam and Laila living under the rules of Antagonists Rasheed, the Mujahedeen and the Taliban who are abusing women and destroying their country “these are the laws that we will enforce and you will obey”. [2]The women not only fear Rasheed but also there government who are supposed to protect the people.” You will not under any circumstances, show your face...”, [3] they are forced to wear a Burqa in public as it was against Taliban law for another man to see a women’s face. Furthermore the Taliban corrupted Sharia law; these were Islamic laws which were originally followed in Afghanistan by Muslims. The doctrine that advocates equal rights for women is something that is still unforeseen in Afghanistan today and is shown vigorously on pages 270-271 within the novel and thus leading the reader to feel sympathetic to the women who were ridiculed just for existing. In comparison the women in “A Clockwork...” are subjected to cruel and brutal attacks by both Alex and his droogs. “they looked like they had been in some big bitva as indeed they had, and were all bruised and pouty”[4] in raping the two young ten year old girls, this is both shocking and illegal Alex illustrates his lack of concern for the girls or the law that should be preventing the raping of under age girls, Alex is breaking the law. It’s clear he believes he can get away with anything he likes, he sees the girls as objects, there to be used, like nothing more than personal prizes.
Hosseini portrays women as the property of men, they do as they’re told and it’s clear that the men decide the fates of the women in “A thousand…” Women suffered not only from the control of the Taliban and the war that came apparent due to Taliban’s control but also suffered from the gender based abuse they received from the men that were supposed to be protecting them. This is shown with Mariam forced into a marriage with Rasheed at the age of fifteen; by her weak father “I don’t want to … I don’t want this. Don’t make me[5]”. It’s immediately obvious that Jalil is ineffectual and hypocritical, he can not stand up for what is believes is right and so she is sent to marry Rasheed. As a consequence of Jalil’s weakness Mariam is subjected to a life of abuse, torture and violence. This goes against the feminist approach to the novel. Women do not deserve to be treated as slaves of men. They should have equal rights something Hosseini implies throughout. This approach towards feminism also contrasts the reality of the lives of afghan women living under the Taliban’s reign. In comparison the women in “A Clockwork...” are also portrayed as the property of men, they have no choice into how Alex treats them “and lying there with her groodies on show I wondered should I or not?”[6] Further showing Alex has no appreciation for them. He sees it as his choice where or not he can violate mother slouse, the owner of the shop Alex and his droogs thieve from. They rob her to satisfy their boredom and just because they can.
Burgess presentation of women in part one of “A Clockwork…” shows Alex’s authority over women as well as his disrespect for them. “Its gone eight son, you don’t want to be late again... So I called back a bit of a pain in my Gulliver. Leave us be and I’ll try to sleep it off and then I’ll be right as dodgers for this after”[7] her general attitude to Alex is one of absence. It becomes apparent she is scared of him and his behaviour and therefore doesn’t want to anger him. It is as if she is so worn down by him, she feels she can’t change him for the better, and it’s obvious she doesn’t know how to approach him. Her sense of helplessness makes the reader feel sorry for her because she has lost the will to control him anymore, thus assists to form out own opinion on Alex’s attitude. In contrast “A Thousand…” shows Nana warning Mariam of her future life with men “learn this now and learn this well my daughter like a compass needle that point’s north a mans accusing finger always finds a women, always”[8] as well as a warning to Mariam this could also be a metaphor for Mariam’s future life, the fact that its not something she can avoid; almost like her life has already been seen and planned out.FurthermoreNanas resentment towards men is one that doesn’t go unnoticed by Mariam. It appears Nana symbolizes that there is no hope for women, she kills herself having being let down by her daughter. Almost like hope has been crushed for both herself and Mariam’s future. Despite this, this can be contradicted as Mariam shows that even though the men treat women as belongings, they can still show inner strength of character and refuse to accept the treatment they receive.
Within “A Clockwork Orange” the exploitation of women is not only carried out by Alex and his droogs but also Billy boy and his gang. Told from the view point of Alex, its clear he doesn’t feel sorry for what is happening to the young girl, he just sees it as an excuse to fight with billyboy “they’d probably just been doing the dirty slovo part of the act before getting down to a malenky bit of ultra-violence” [9]he shows no sign of wanting to help the girl, furthermore adding to Alex’s lack of compassion. “The dirty slovo” makes out that this is just standard procedure, nothing out of the ordinary for a group of boys carrying out “ultra violence” - gang rape on young women. Burgess continues his presentation of women, through Billyboy attack on the girl as something that just happens. “When they viddied us a-coming they let go of this boo-hooing little Ptitsa there being plenty more when she came from” [10]Alex’s ‘oh well’ attitude conveys his lack of concern for the young girl who is now running in fear of her life. Raping women by carrying out “the old ultra violence” or “in out” seems to be part of everyday life for the male characters within Burgess’ novel.
In relationship to this attitude toward women, forced sexual acuity is also something Mariam is subjected to during her early married life with Rasheed. Hosseini present the subject contrastingly and yet the similarity with the way Burgees presents it in “A Clockwork…” is apparent. Hosseini presents it as something that is existent to everyday women when married in Afghanistan. “There is no shame in this Mariam… it’s what married people do. It’s what the prophet himself and his wife’s did. There is no shame”[11] Rasheed tries to justify his actions with that of religion, something that is not seen in “A Clockwork…” Alex never tries to justify his attacks on women instead he gloats about them. Yet the similarity with both novels is that neither characters Alex or Rasheed feels remorse for raping and assaulting women.
Degrading women is something seen throughout “A Thousand…” not only by men but also by Nana, Mariam’s mother. Her bitterness towards Jahil’s is taken out on Mariam, and something she lives with for the rest of her life after Nana’s suicide. “You are a clumsy little harami; this is my reward for everything I’ve endured. An heirloom-breaking, clumsy little harami” [12]Mariam is subjected to verbal abuse for almost the whole of her life no matter what she does and its something she has no control over. After the miscarriage of her first child, Rasheed starts to take out his anger on Mariam; after she is told she will never be able to have children Rasheed uses her as a punch bag. His desperation for a son is seen numerous times throughout the novel after the arrival of young Laila and the birth of his daughter Aziza; his attitudes toward women seem to get worse. Hosseini plays on this by creating a character that has no respect for his wives; he sees them nothing more than bares for his children. Women are constantly degraded through “A Thousand…” Mariam is never given the right to a proper education something every child should have the right too, her only education comes from the Koran, this gives Mariam some hope and faith, and as with Laila she lost her right to be educated after marrying Rasheed. They become nothing more than Rasheed’s belongings. Yet despite this both girls draw faith from the words written within the Koran, showing Hosseini attitude towards Islam, that he believes there is nothing wrong with the religious views upheld in the Koran instead it is the corruption of the Sharia law that is causing the women’s misery.
The theme of revenge is seen in both “A Clockwork…” and “A Thousand…”
After Alex’s arrest he unwittingly agrees to take part in the "the Ludovico technique" a regime that promises to release the prisoner after the completion of the two week program. Alex’s subjection to watching graphically violent films and forced nausea with the “vitamins” that promises to make him better. “All she did was to slam the needle into my left arm, and then swishhh in went the victim stuff” [13]this attitude from the women who work for the system, they follow it blindly. These are the ‘other’ sort of women in the novel. Alex is being lied too, it’s is almost like the women are getting their revenge on Alex as he is now subjected to “torture”. His love for Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is taken away from him and replaced with nausea and distress when it’s played. After his release from prison Alex returns back home to his parents where he is meets “Joe” his parent’s lodger. “Back to make there life a misery for them once more is that it? Over my dead corpse you will, because they’ve let me be more like a son to them than like a lodger”[14]. Exiled from his parents and with all his droogs gone, he is left powerless when his old victims seek revenge. Burgess presents Alex’s helplessness as something he deserves.
In comparison revenge is seen in “A Thousand…” when Mariam and Laila take a stand against Rasheed and his vile treatment towards them. “Mariam raised the shovel high raised it as high as she could arching it so it touched the small of her back….. It occurred to her that this was the first time that she was deciding the course of her own life.” [15] Mariam kills Rasheed with no regret, her years of abuse and violent attacks brings forth her anger and hatred towards him. His death provides some hope for women towards the end; in contrast hope is also something also seen in “A Clockwork…” at the end of part three.. Alex’s opinion looks as if its set to change, he starts to resent his life of violence and after running into Pete, Alex contemplates starting a family, and ending his life of violence and crime. “There was this vesch of finding some devotchka or other who would be a mother to this son”[16] Burgess shows Alex’s opinions change slightly hopefully for the better. Alex’s language change towards the end gives the impression he wants to be civilized “mother to this son” and therefore maybe there is some hope for the women in Alex’s world and Alex himself.
Hope is something followed through in the final chapter of “A Thousand…” Laila’s life looks more promising than it has done for years, she has finally found a man that loves her and both her children, now pregnant with her thirds child, yet her hope doesn’t come without a price. Mariam sacrifices her life for Laila freedom, and is intensely courageous right up till her end, and even her executioner shows his sympathy towards her “something tells me you are not a wicked women hamshira. But you have done a wicked thing. And you must pay for this thing you have done. Shari’a is not vague on this matter. It says I must send you where I will soon join you myself” [17], he calls her “hamshira” – sister, she is like a saint, a martyr. Laila knows this “But the game involves only male names. Because, if it’s a girl, Laila has already named her” [18]her decision to name her baby “Mariam” if it’s a girl shows that Laila is grateful for her sacrifice.
In conclusion “A Thousand Splendid Suns” and “A Clockwork Orange” shows the harsh reality of how women were treated in both Afghanistan and Alex’s dystopian world, and how the events, actions and opinions shape and form two novels that both make you cry and feel physically revolted. Burgess and Hosseini present women similarly and yet the difference between the characters strength is thorough throughout.
Footnotes:
[1] A Clockwork Orange – Anthony Burgess Part one Page 4
[2] A Thousand Splendid Suns – Khaled Hosseini Chapter 34 Page 270
[3] A Thousand Splendid Suns – Khaled Hosseini Chapter 34 Page 271
[4] A Clockwork Orange – Anthony Burgess Part one Page 36
[5] A Thousand Splendid Suns – Khaled Hosseini Chapter six Page 47
[6] A Clockwork Orange – Anthony Burgees Part one Page 10
[7] A Clockwork Orange – Anthony Burgees Part one Page 28
[8] A Thousand Splendid Suns – Khaled Hosseini Chapter one Page 7
[9] A Clockwork Orange – Anthony Burgees Part one Page 14
[10] A Clockwork Orange – Anthony Burgees Part one Page 14
[11] A Thousand Splendid Suns – Khaled Hosseini Chapter eleven Page 76
[12] A Thousand Splendid Suns – Khaled Hosseini Chapter one Page 4
[13] A Clockwork Orange – Anthony Burgees Part two Page 74
[14] A Clockwork Orange – Anthony Burgees Part three Page 100
[15] A Thousand Splendid Suns – Khaled Hosseini Chapter forty-five Page 341
[16] A Clockwork Orange – Anthony Burgees Part three Page 141
[17] A Thousand Splendid Suns – Khaled Hosseini Chapter forty-seven Page 357
[18] A Thousand Splendid Suns – Khaled Hosseini Chapter fifty-one Page 402